International Journal of Veterinary Health Science & Research (IJVHSR)  /  IJVHSR-2332-2748-03-502

Fistulation and Cannulation of the Rumen in Buffaloes: Comparision of Two Methods


Malik A Rafee*, S. K. Sinha, A.C. Saxena

Division of surgery, IVRI, Izatnagar, Bareilly, U.P, India.


*Corresponding Author

Malik Abu Rafee,
Division of surgery, IVRI, Izatnagar,
Bareilly, U.P.-243122, India. E-mail: rafee188@gmail.com

Article Type: Case Study
Received: April 15, 2015; Accepted: May 21, 2015; Published: May 23, 2015

Citation: Malik A Rafee, S.K. Sinha, A.C. Saxena (2015) Fistulation and Cannulation of the Rumen in Buffaloes: Comparision of Two Methods. Int J Vet Health Sci Res. 3(5), 64-65. doi: dx.doi.org/10.19070/2332-2748-1500016

Copyright: Malik A Rafee© 2015. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.


Abstract

Two surgical methods were compared for rumen fistulation and cannulation in 8 buffaloes. A permanent fistula was created in left paralumbar by two-stage surgery. In 4 animals, the muscles were incised along the skin edges in circular fashion and removed and in another 4 animals, the muscles were separated along the muscle fibre (grid). Suturing muscles with skin and rumen wall with muscles prevented postoperative complications. The cannula remained functional for long periods in grid technique.



1.Keywords
2.Introduction
3.Materials and Methods
4.Results and Discussion
5.References

Keywords

Rumen Fistulation; Cannulation; Buffalo; Grid Technique.


Introduction

Rumen fistulas are widely used in ruminant digestive research. Two surgical procedures for the ruminal fistulation and cannulation has been described .The first technique described by Schalk and Amadon (1928) [10] as one stage procedure and later a new technique in two stages was described by Jarret (1948) [5]. The ideal fistula is one that forms a seal around the cannula, preventing the leakage of the experimental period. In this study, two-stage technique was done in two different ways with the intention to compare and find out which one is better to reduce postoperative necrosis of the wound edges and consequent loosening of cannula and other complications.


Materials and Methods

Buffaloes presented to the polyclinic IVRI, Izatnagar, for rumenal fistulation and cannulation by the Department of Nutrition, were taken for the surgery. The animals were prepared for surgery under local anaesthesia The skin was marked with an indelible marker along the circumference of the cannula to be used. Cruciate incision was made through the skin and the pieces of skin were undermined and removed along the marking. The muscles were cut by two different ways in two groups, each consisting of four animals. In one group, the muscles were incised along the skin edges in circular fashion and removed. In the second group, the muscles were separated along the muscle fibre direction by divulsion. The abdominal wall muscles were sutured with skin with silk to retract the muscles thereby giving a regular circular shape to the hole for ease at the time insertion of cannula. Sufficient portion of the rumen wall was seized and pulled through the abdominal incision, exposing part of the rumen wall. The exposed portion of the rumen was sutured to the peritoneum around the surgical opening; using chrome catgut No. 1 in simple continuous pattern. Post-surgery, gauze was fixed to cover the rumen wall and dressed regularly. Antibiotics and analgesics were administered for 5 days. After fifteen days the exposed rumen wall was incised and the cannula was fixed.


Results and Discussion

There are various complications associated with rumen fistulation and canulationis, like loosening of the cannula, increases in size of the fistula by necrosis of the tissue or ruminal fluid leak [6]. The leakage of large amounts of ruminal contents can take the animal to dehydration and malnutrition [4]. Moreover, the ruminal fluid causes extravasation injuries to the skin, produces an unpleasant odour and enhances the appearance of myiasis. Peritonitis is reported as one of the serious complications arising from the rumen cannulation [1, 8] but in the current study we did not observe any clinical case of peritonitis. The absence of cases of peritonitis may be due to the suturing of peritoneum and muscles with the rumen wall allowing adhesions formation and thus preventing leakage of rumenal contents into peritoneal cavity. Perfect apposition of skin with underlying muscles promoted by sutures prevented the formation of subcutaneous emphysema [2, 7].

In the animals in which grid technique was used, it was difficult to insert cannula on the 15th day. In few animals a small nick in the muscles of abdomen was required to insert the cannula. There was loosening of cannula after few days of fixation in those animals in which circular portion of the muscle was removed. In two of such cases cannula was repeatedly falling into the rumen. There was no loosening of cannula observed in any animals in which grid incision was given in the muscles. Divulsion towards the muscle fibers, providing an opening muscle "grid", prevented loosening of the cannula. After cannula implantation, the muscles acted as a sphincter, compressing and retaining the cannula in the abdominal opening. This technique also assisted in forming a tight seal around the cannula thereby decreasing the leakage of rumen contents [3, 9].

The surgical technique involving divulsion of muscles for creating rumen fistula and deployment of cannula was better and with minimal postoperative complications. Suturing muscles with skin and rumen wall with muscles prevents complications like peritonitis, subcutaneous emphysema etc.


References

  1. Atasoy N, Tas A (2003) Considerations for gastrointestinal cannulation (rumen, duodenum and ileum) in sheep with a rumen, a simple T-type and the modified T-type cannula. Tierärztliche Deutsche Wochenschrift 110(7): 299-302.
  2. Cattelan JW, Canola JC, Valadao CAA, Macoris DG (1990) Rumenostomia cannulated in two operative times in cattle and sheep. Ars Veterinary Jaboticabal 6(2):112-119.
  3. Ducharme NG (1990) Surgery of the bovine forestomach compartments. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 6(2): 371-397.
  4. Grovum WL (1989) An improved rumen cannulation technique to minimize leakage. Acta Vet Scand Suppl 86: 225-228.
  5. Jarret JC (1948) The production of rumen and abomasal fistulas in sheep. J. Counc. Sci. Ind. Res. 21: 311-315
  6. Komarek RJ (1981) Rumen and abomasal cannulation of sheep with specially designed canulas and a cannula insertion instrument. J. Ani. Sci. 53(3):790-795.
  7. Leonardo Augusto Lopes, Muzzi, Ruthnea Aparecida Lazarus, Gabellini, Endrigo Leonel Alves (2009) Fistula cannulation technique and rumen in cattle and sheep. Agrotechnology and Science 33: 2059-2064.
  8. Mcsweeney CS (1989) Cannulation of the rumen in catle and buffaloes. Australian Veterinary Journal 66(8): 266-268.
  9. Noordsy JL (1994) Food Animal surgery. (3rd edtn), VLS Books, New Jersey. 302.
  10. Shalk AF, Amadon RS (1928) Physiology of the ruminant stomach (bovine) – Study of the dinamic factors. N. Dak. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. 216.

         Indexed in

pubhub  CGS  indexcoop  
j-gate  DOAJ  Google_Scholar_logo

       Total Visitors

SciDoc Counter

Get in Touch

SciDoc Publishers
16192 Coastal Highway
Lewes, Delaware 19958
Tel :+1-(302)-703-1005
Fax :+1-(302)-351-7355
Email: contact.scidoc@scidoc.org


porn