Key Words

Harmony; Eating Time; Exercise; Circadian Rhythms; Vascular System .

Introduction

The objective of this perspective article was to describe a harmony between eating and exercise circadian rhythms in establishing healthy cell metabolism and waste management. This establishment should permit a more functional and healthier vascular physiology. The philosophy gains support from the implications of the most recent discoveries on circadian timing of nutrient intake [1-3].

Discoveries and Discussion

Ruminant animal models studies suggest that taking the same diet in morning vs. evening has different intake behaviour and metabolic consequences [4, 5]. As a result, nutrient output in terms of meat and milk depends also when during a circadian period (i.e.,almost a 24-h period) food is ingested, digested, assimilated and metabolized [6]. In humans as a diurnal animal, moreover, glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity diminish as the inactivity period or evening/nigh time begins [7-11]. As such, splanchnic and peripheral cells are not as well prepared nocturnally as they are diurnally in processing substrates towards oxidation, deposition, mobilization, secretion and excretion [12, 13]. Thus, any oversupply of nutrients and substrates to gastrointestinal tract, liver, and peripheral tissues overnight encounters unhealthy consequences [14]. These include uncontrolled dramatically hyperglycaemia, unregulated insulin secretion and function, futile substrate bioprocessing, deficient oxidation, and impaired waste management.Such abnormalities could predispose cells to oncogenic conditions as well [12]. Fundamentally, such food meals matched with intensive daily exercise programs could reduce the stress on cells. However, the optimum approach is to have daily physical activity and prevent such situations from happening through frequent and modest daily meals and avoiding large nocturnal meals. As a rule of thumb, any sizeable meal on a circadian basis must have its corresponding significant exercise to minimize irregularities in cell metabolism and maintenance. Therefore, no single public global guideline may be formulated for effective use and effect by all. Instead, different groups and individuals with varying nutritional regimens and behaviour will require matching exercise programs to harmonize cellular substrate input, oxidation, transformation, partitioning and wastage.

Implications

Circadian regimes for nutrient intake and exercise must precisely match to minimize risks from deficient substrate oxidation and waste mismanagement. Optimal metabolic health and functional cardiovascular dynamics demand maintaining circadian harmonies between rhythms of nutrient consumption and bioprocessing and rhythms of physical activity to help establish regularities in cellular biochemistry and biophysics. Such a harmony works towards prolonged quality insulin function and cardiovascular properties.

Acknowledgment

Thanks to the Ministry of Science Research and Technology, National Elite Foundation, and University of Zanjan, Iran, for supporting the author’s global programs of optimizing science edification in the third millennium.