Biomedical Potential of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Synthesized using Plant Extracts
S. Rajeshkumar1, Lakshmi T2*
1 S Nanobiomedicine Lab, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences
(SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India.
2 Dean -International Affairs, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University,
Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India.
*Corresponding Author
Lakshmi T,
Dean -International Affairs, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, Tamil
Nadu, India.
Tel: 044-26801580
Fax: 044 -26800892
E-mail: lakshmi@saveetha.com
Received: August 15, 2021; Accepted: August 18, 2021; Published: August 21, 2021
Citation:S. Rajeshkumar, Lakshmi T. Biomedical Potential of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Synthesized using Plant Extracts. Int J Dentistry Oral Sci. 2021;8(8):4160-4163. doi: dx.doi.org/10.19070/2377-8075-21000850
Copyright:Lakshmi T©2021. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Abstract
Enhancement of plant materials based nanoparticles have various benefits over conventional physico-chemical methods. These conventional methods for example chemical reduction process, in which different chemicals hazardous are used for the synthesis of nanoparticles. Due hazardous, later converted to responsible for immeasurable health risks to environment due to their toxicity nature and threatening serious fears for human being. Plant based nanoparticle synthesis have many advantages and it will be useful to medicine and biological application. In this review, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) by plants and their biomedical potential was covered. Many plants mediated (green synthesis) ZnO NPs has strong antimicrobial activity against the pathogens compared to available standard drugs and Antiviral, anticancer and free radical scavenging potential application. The plant based synthesis of ZnO NPs could be outstanding policy to develop resourceful and environmental friendly biomedical application.
2.Introduction
3.Conclusion
4.References
Keywords
Green Synthesis; Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles; Antimicrobial; Biomedical.
Introduction
The green synthesis or biosynthesis of metal and metal oxide nanoparticles
using various organic materials are vigorously growing
now a days [1, 6, 12, 30, 22]. The zinc oxide nanopartilces are
one of the important metal oxide nanoparticles synthesized using
various microorganism (Fungi, bacteria, yeast and actinomycetes)
[23, 25, 27] , plant and its various parts (seeds, leaves, flowers,
root, fruits and bark) [4, 28, 29] The figure 1 and 2 clearly shows
the different parts used for zinc oxide nanoparticles synthesis and
different characterization techniques involved in the analysis morphology
including size, shape and crystalline nature and various
techniques involved.
Application of green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles
The figure 3 and table 1 shows the different biomedical applications
of zinc oxide nanoparticles synthesized using different parts
of plants.
Zinc oxide nanoparticles synthesized from E. crassipes were applied
with various doses on Helianthus annus. The shoot and root
length, fresh and dry weight of H. annus were assessed and the
results indicated that the growth of H. annus decreased as the concentration
of nanoparticles increased [24].
The antibacterial activity of ZnO nanoparticles synthesized from
M. pulegium against gram positive Staphylococcus aureus and gram
negative E. coli bacteria by agar well diffusion method at different
concentrations. The antimicrobial activities were excellent at all
concentrations and the maximum zone of inhibition was resulted
at 200 µg/ml concentration [19].
Spherical ZnO nanoparticles synthesized from A. gomezianus
fruit and anticancer effect was evaluated by MTT assay involving
breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7). The ZnO nanoparticles showed toxicity at 100 µM approximating that of the drug camptothecin
whose toxicity levels were at 50 µM. CAM assay was performed
by implanting the experimental drug on the blood vessels of a
chick embryo which resulted in the thinning/ disappearance of
blood vessels indicating its tumour destruction action. Inhibition
of the formation of new blood vessels showed its anticancer
properties [3].
The antibacterial activity was evaluated for the ZnO nanoparticles
synthesized from Olea europaea against Xanthomonas oryzae pv.
Oryzae (Xoo) strain GZ 0003 showed zone of inhibition of 2.2
cm at 160 µg/ml with significant differences compared to ZnO
nanoparticles synthesized from Matricaria chamomilla and Lycopersicon
esculentum [17].
Green synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles from Syzygium aromaticum
flower bud extracts were prepared and the antifungal action on F.
graminearum were analysed by intracellular reactive oxygen species
(ROS). The results showed accumulation of ROS effectively and
in dose-dependent manner. The effect of ZnO nanoparticles on
ergosterol biosynthesis of F. graminearum revealed reduced ergosterol.
These ZnO nanoparticles were also reported to enhance lipid
peroxidation and bring about detrimental effects to the membrane
integrity of fungi [11].
Figure 1. Plant mediated synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles.
Figure 2. Characterization and its uses in plant mediated zinc oxide nanoparticles.
Figure 3. Biomedical applications of zinc oxide nanoparticles.
Table 1. Biomedical applications of zinc oxide nanoparticles synthesized using various plants.
Conclusion
Plant extract based NPs are highly potential than other synthesis
NPs and their biological activities also will diverse due to typical
biochemical compositions. Their structural and optical studies using UV, FTIR, XRD and SEM analysis also more important to
prove the capable of plant based ZnO NPs. From this present
reviews, it is deliberated that synthesis of plant based green ZnO
NPs is highly safer and eco-friendly than the chemical and physical
methods. In conclusion, synthesis of ZnO NPs using plants
could have suitable medicinal applications in cure of various human
diseases. Nevertheless, further detailed studies including
characterization of bioactive compounds and NPs will be necessary
to validate the ability of these NPs in medical applications
and their capability to overwhelm the risks related with predictable
drugs.
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