Overjet in Adolescents with Class II Division 1 Malocclusion- A Retrospective Cross Sectional Study
Vaishnavi Sivakali Subramanian1, Harish Babu2*, Aravind Kumar S3
1 Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences(SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, Tamil
Nadu, India.
2 Reader, Department of Orthodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences(SIMATS), Saveetha
University, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India.
3 Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences(SIMATS),
Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India.
*Corresponding Author
Anjaneyulu K,
Reader, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences(SIMATS), Saveetha
University, 162, PH Road, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India.
Tel: +91 9566151527
E-mail: kanjaneyulu.sdc@saveetha.com
Received: July 30, 2021; Accepted: August 11, 2021; Published: August 18, 2021
Citation:Nivetha G, Anjaneyulu K, Arvind S. Prevalence of Ellis Class III in Patients Above 16 Years. Int J Dentistry Oral Sci. 2021;8(8):4054-4058. doi: dx.doi.org/10.19070/2377-8075-21000828
Copyright: Anjaneyulu K©2021. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Abstract
Trauma to the anterior teeth is seen in children and adolescents. It has an intense effect on the individual's appearance, function and speech. Trauma occurs due to their eruptive position and protrusion during eruption. The aim of this study is to find out the number of Ellis class III in patients above 16 years who are visiting University in Chennai. A retrospective study was carried out in University in Chennai between July 2019-March 2020.The data were collected from patients records analysed from the data of 86000 patients between June 2019 - March 2020 and entered in Excel sheet. Statistical Analysis was done using SPSS software. A chi square test was done between age and teeth number and gender and teeth number. The results were formulated in tables and graphs. The results showed that totally 378 patients were reported with ellis class III. Out of 378 patients, 260 were males while 118 were females.17-27 age group had highly reported with ellis class III is about 42.6%. The study concludes that the 17-27 age group had a higher prevalence rate of ellis class III. Maxillary central incisors are most commonly affected with ellis class III.
2.Introduction
3.Conclusion
4.References
Keywords
Age; Ellis Class III; Gender; Trauma; Teeth Number.
Introduction
Traumatic dental injuries are considered to be an important issue
due to its high prevalence, mainly in areas of social privation
[1].They have a strong impact on children's and adolescents life
quality because they cause physical and emotional distress and in
children also might have a high negative impact on social relationships.
One of the greatest assets a person can have is a smile that
shows beautiful and natural teeth. An untreated fracture of an
anterior tooth can affect the behaviour of individuals. Trauma to
anterior teeth is undesirable and treating the fracture brings beneficial,
confident levels to the individuals [2].The main etiological
factors are falls, fight and road accidents and during sports. These
factors are associated with biological, socioeconomic, physiological
and behaviour of individuals [3]. The predisposing dental risk
factors include increased mucosal overjet, open bite, protrusion
and lip competence [4].
It is a dental emergency situation in young patients [5]. The majority
of dental injuries involve anterior teeth, especially the maxillary
incisors because of the exposed position in the dental arch
[6]. Studies reported frequencies ranging from 9.4%-41.6% in
primary dentition [7]. Traumatic injuries in permanent teeth have
been reported to have a prevalence rate between “6.1%-58.6%.”
Dental trauma to the permanent dentition can lead to clinical
complications and its management may considerably challenge a
practitioner [8].Traumatic dental fractures are divided into various
categories based on the Ellis classification system. Under Ellis
classification, there are 9 classes. Ellis class III denotes fracture
involving enamel, dentin and pulp.
Treatment suggestions for ellis class III is root canal treatment
followed by crown placement. The root canal treatment is common
in dental practice. The main indications of rct are irreversible
pulpitis and necrosis of pulp caused by dental caries or dental
trauma [9]. Successful endodontic treatment depends on diagnosis
and adequate mechanical preparation [10] of the pulp space
for restoration [11, 12] .The efficacy of diagnostic aids plays an important in treatment plan [13] . Irrigants play an important role
in debridement and disinfection of the root canal space [14, 15].
Removal of the microbial organisms from the root canal system is
a prerequisite for the successful outcome of any root canal treatment
is can be achieved by using intracanal medicaments [16].
Postoperative pain is common sensation after endodontic treatment
[17]. The incidence of postoperative pain was reported to
range from 3% to 58%(18) .Previously our team has a rich experience
in working on various research projects across multipledisciplines
[19, 33]. Now the growing trend in this area motivated us
to pursue this project.
The aim of the study is to find out the number of Ellis class III
patients above 16yrs.
Materials and Methods
Study Population:
A retrospective study was carried out in patients who visited University
in Chennai with ellis class III fracture. The data were collected
from patients records between June 2019-March 2020.The
data contains details of patients, intraoral photographs and treatment
being done.
Inclusion Criteria:
Patients above 16 years.
Ellis class III.
Exclusion Criteria:
Patient below 16 years.
Other Ellis class fracture.
Sample Size:
Sample size was the total number of patients who visited the University
in Chennai with ellis class III fracture. Their distributions
according to age, gender, teeth injured are recorded.
Ethical Approval:
Ethical clearance was obtained from the Institutional Ethical
Committee and Scientific Review Board (SRB) of University in
Chennai. SDC/SIHEC/2020/DIASDATA/0619-0320.
Data Analysis:
The data collected were entered in Excel sheet and subjected to
statistical analysis using SPSS software. Descriptive statistics was
done i.e. frequency and cross tabulation. A chi square test was
done between age and teeth number, gender and teeth number.
Mean and standard deviation was done for age and gender. Independent
variables are age and gender while dependent variables is
teeth number. The level of significance was p<0.05.
Results & Discussion
Traumatic dental injury is not a result of disease but a consequence
of certain factors that will accumulate throughout life if
not properly treatment.
Our aim of this study is to find out the number of Ellis class III
above 16 years who visiting Saveetha Dental College. Totally, 378
patients were reported with ellis class III. Out of 378 patients,
about 68.8% were males and 31.2% were females. Increased frequency
was found to be among males than females which was
68.8%.Similar result were found in different geographical location
conducted by Veera kishore et al., [1].(Graph1).
The highest frequency of Ellis class III were found in the 17-27
age group about 42.6% and lowest were found in above 47 years about 9.3%.(graph 2).17- 27 age group had highly reported with
ellis class III in maxillary central incisors were found to be statistically
significant. (graph 3,table 1).t Males were frequently reported
with ellis class III in maxillary central incisors were found to be
statistically significant (graph 4,table 2).
A study done in Indore among 8-11 years old school children concluded
that 68.38% boys experienced dental trauma injuries which
was accordance with present study showed males were highly reported
with ellis class III fracture about 68.8% which is similar
to our present study [34]. A study done among 5-16 years old
children, concluded that prevalence of traumatic dental injuries
was found highly in males about 59.2% similar results was found
in our present study with male predominance about 68.8%.[35]. A
study done in India among adolescents concludes that prevalence
of ellis class III fracture were founded to be 13.20%.[36]. A study done in University of Alberta among patients visiting emergency
clinic concludes that prevalence of ellis class III fracture found
to be 6.7%(37) Our institution is passionate about high quality
evidence based research and has excelled in various fields [38-48].
We hope this study adds to this rich legacy.
Graph 1: Bar chart showing distribution of study population based on gender across the scale of patient scale. X-axis represents gender and Y-axis represents patients count. It shows that male patients (68.78%) highly reported with Ellis class III when compared to female patients (31.22%).
Graph 2: Bar chart showing the distribution of study population based on gender across the scale of patient count in the y-axis and age group in the x-axis. From the graph we found that higher prevalence of ellis class III seen in the 17-27 age group (42.59%) followed by 27-37 age group (22.22%)and least one is 47-67age group (9.26%).
Graph 3: This graph represents the association between teeth number and age group where blue colour denotes 17-27 age group, red colour denotes 27-37, green colour denotes 37-47, orange colour denotes 47-57 and yellow colour denotes 57-67. X-axis represents teeth number and Y-axis represents number of patients. It shows that maxillary central incisors were most commonly affected with ellis class III in the age group 18-27. Male and female patients were had ellis class III fracture mostly in maxillary central incisors. P value<0.005, significant (Chi-square test)
Graph 4: This graph represents the association between teeth number and gender where blue colour denotes female and red colour denotes male. X-axis represents teeth number and Y-axis represents number of patients. It shows that male and female patients had ellis class III fracture mostly in maxillary central incisors. P value &0.005, significant (Chi-square test).
Table 1. Shows chi square test between teeth number and age which was found to be highly significant.
Table 2. Shows chi square test between teeth number and gender which was found to be highly significant.
Limitations
The main limitation of this study was limited geographic location
and confined to specific sample size. This can be corrected by
inclusion of patients from different states, different universities
to obtain more results.
Conclusion
The aim of this study is to find out ellis class III patients above
16 years who visiting University in Chennai. Within this limitation
of this study, Males were frequently reported with ellis class III
when compared to females.17-27 age group were highly reported
with ellis class III. Maxillary central incisors are most commonly
affected with ellis class III because of their eruptive position and
protrusion. Management of patients with anterior tooth fracture
provides greater challenge to clinicians both from functional and
esthetic perceptive.
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